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Volcanoes can be categorized as small, medium, large and very dangerous. There is an additional category called ‘Super volcano”. Super volcano is thousand times larger than most historic volcanic eruptions. It can produce a volcanic eruption will “ejecta” greater than 1,000 cubic Km. More than thousand Volcanoes occur around the world and about 20 can erupt at any time. Majority of volcanoes occur in the region of Hawaii, Alaska and Iceland. Indonesia is considered home to the world largest concentration of activities volcanoes. Most considerable volcanic eruption occurred in Mount Vesuvius Italy in 79 AD. The entire population of Pompeii was buried instantly. Recently, the eruption of “Eyjafjallajokull”, the volcano in Iceland caused havoc. This caused dramatic consequences like melting of ice, shooting smoke and steam into the air, reducing air quality and forcing hundred of people to flee rising floodwater. Volcanic ash has forced the cancellation of many flights and disrupted air traffic.

Nothing ensures a date in history like volcano eruption. In the olden days, people would think they were punishments for the gods. But these days, we know it’s a simple matter of tectonic plates shuffling and releasing the red-hot magma from the earth’s core.

In the past we have not heard about the volcanoes much but fast and current explosions around the world may force us to think about volcanoes and the occurrence of volcanoes, so here the topic discusses volcanoes and the root cause for the occurrence of volcanoes. A volcano is an opening in the earth’s surface through which molten lava, rock fragments, ashes, dust, and gases are ejected from below the earth’s surface and the substance which is ejected is extremely hot along with different gases and is known as MAGMA. Volcanoes can be of different forms such as dormant, extinct or active and these forms depend on the composition or structure of lava and the force present in the lava during eruption. There can be different shapes n sizes of volcanoes which are categorized as lava domes, cinder cones, composite volcanoes and shield volcanoes etc. Although lava which comes out from the earth’s surface is very dangerous but the gases which are ejected along with the lava are more dangerous too. Debris which is emitted from the volcanoes can cause acid rain which is ruinous to many forms of life. In the past volcanoes have had a big effect on life as well as on earth?

The huge volcanic eruptions called super-volcanoes comes from volcanic winter which has a great effect on evolutionary changes. These occurred due to the super explosion of “Lake Toba” on Sumatra island in Indonesia estimated about 70,000 years ago.